Pre-eclampsia
- Preeclampsia is a disorder that only occurs during pregnancy and the postpartum period and affects the mother and future child. It is a rapidly progressive condition that affects at least 5-8% of all pregnancies and is characterized by high blood pressure and the presence of protein in the urine. Bloating, sudden weight gain, headache, and vision changes are important symptoms; however, some women with the rapidly progressive disease report few symptoms.
- Preeclampsia usually occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy (late 2nd or 3rd trimester or mid- or late pregnancy) and up to six weeks postpartum (postpartum), although in rare cases it can occur before 20 weeks. Adequate prenatal care is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia. Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and toxemia are obsolete terms for preeclampsia. HELLP syndrome and eclampsia (seizures) are other variants of preeclampsia.
- Preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are major causes of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. A modest estimate is that this disorder is responsible for 76,000 maternal deaths and 500,000 child deaths each year.
INDICATIONS OF PRE-ECLAMPSIA
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- High blood pressure during pregnancy is one of the most common concerns regarding the development of preeclampsia. And even if it's not a symptom of preeclampsia, it can still be a sign of trouble.
- High blood pressure is traditionally defined as blood pressure of 140/90 or higher, measured on two separate occasions six hours apart. During pregnancy, an increase in the lower number (diastolic) of 15 degrees or more or an increase in the upper number (systolic) of 30 degrees or more can also be the cause.
.Protein in the urine (proteinuria)
Proteinuria, another sign of preeclampsia, is the result of proteins that normally enter the bloodstream through the filtering role of the kidneys that enter the urine. A simple test of your urine with a strip at each prenatal visit can detect proteinuria, although more sophisticated equipment that can be installed in clinics and doctor's offices may be used in the future.
Dark yellow urine is usually caused by low fluid intake and may be related to dehydration. However, urine that appears dark, reddish, or gum-colored can indicate a problem.
.Swelling (edema)
Some swelling is normal during pregnancy. If you are not one of the lucky few, you may notice a little extra swelling in your legs. Edema, on the other hand, is an excessive accumulation of fluid and can cause concern when it occurs on the face, around the eyes, or on the hands. If you notice that your face is getting puffier, find a picture of yourself taken before your pregnancy and share it with your doctor. If the swelling in your hands and feet becomes severe, you may notice "crowns" (indentations left for a few seconds when you press your thumb into the skin) or discoloration of your feet. If you suspect this type of swelling, tell your doctor. You should also put your feet up every day, but avoid sitting for long periods of time.
A throbbing or severe headache often described as a migraine, that does not go away, should be of concern.
.Nausea or vomiting
Nausea or vomiting is especially important in emergencies and after mid-pregnancy. "Morning sickness" should disappear after the first trimester, and sudden nausea and vomiting after pregnancy can be related to early preeclampsia. Contact your care provider. Nausea or vomiting can be mistaken for a cold or gallbladder problem, so get your blood and urine tested for protein.
.Stomach (abdominal area) and/or shoulder pain
This type of abdominal pain, commonly referred to as pelvic pain or right upper quadrant (URQ) pain, is usually located on the right side below the ribs. By mistake, it can be heartburn, nasal problems, flu, indigestion, or rash. Shoulder pain is often called "referred pain" because it originates from the heart under the right rib cage. Back pain is especially different from muscle strain associated with pregnancy because it is usually more severe and specific. Shoulder pain can feel like someone is pulling you by the bra or neck, or it can hurt to sleep on your right side. All of these painful symptoms can be symptoms of HELP syndrome or related liver problems. Pain in this area should be taken very seriously; Do not refuse and sleep. Contact a health professional immediately.
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.Pain in the lower back
Lower back pain is a very common complaint during pregnancy. However, it can sometimes indicate liver problems, especially when accompanied by other symptoms of preeclampsia. Also, read Abdominal and Right Shoulder Pain (above) and discuss these symptoms with your doctor. If this pain is accompanied by one or more symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.
.Sudden weight loss
Weight gain of more than 2 pounds per week may be an indicator of preeclampsia. Clogged arteries allow excess fluid to leak out and stay in your body's tissues instead of passing through the kidneys.
Do not try to lose weight by limiting your food intake during pregnancy. During pregnancy, it is important to eat a healthy and balanced diet that includes fresh and raw fruits and vegetables, prenatal vitamins, and folic acid. Remove excess salt. Get to a healthy weight (BMI of 30 or less) before becoming pregnant, as obesity increases the risk of early preeclampsia.
.The vision changes.
Visual changes are one of the most common symptoms of preeclampsia. They may be related to irritation of the central nervous system or may be symptoms of brain inflammation.
Common changes include flashing lights, auras, sensitivity to light, or hallucinations or visions.
If you experience any of these changes in your vision, call your doctor right away or go straight to the hospital. These symptoms are very serious and should not be ignored until the next day.
.Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Hyperflexion means your knee is too strong when you hit your knee with a rubber mallet. This symptom is usually measured by a doctor and is otherwise difficult to observe.
.Shortness of breath, anxiety
Shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, mental confusion, increased anxiety, and feelings of dying can be symptoms of preeclampsia. If these symptoms are new to you, they may indicate high blood pressure or a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
If these symptoms are new, contact your doctor immediately. If you had this condition before you became pregnant, be sure to tell your doctor at your next appointment so that you can be monitored during your pregnancy.
It is very important to listen to your gut during pregnancy. Don't be afraid of a phone call and conversation about something unusual. A good therapist is not too busy to solve your anxiety.
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